Fabric And Jewelery In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight :: essays research papers

                                             Erin Kilkenny                                              English Comp and Lit                                              Cathy Seigel                                              March 7, 2000                                              Sir Gawain Essay      In writing, bits of knowledge into characters, spots, and occasions are frequently conveyed to the peruser by emblematic references inside the content. This is the situation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In this Medieval sentiment, the hues and surfaces of textures and gems are utilized vigorously by the artist as an unmistakable device, yet in addition to give the peruser data about the characters’ characters and jobs inside the story.      The account opens with a vacation feast in King Arthur’s court. The extravagance of this setting is spoken to by the embellishments encompassing Queen Guenevere portrayed in lines 76-80. â€Å"With expensive silk shades, a covering over,/Of Toulouse and Turkestan embroideries rich/All broidered and circumscribed with the best pearls/Ever brought into Britain, with splendid pennies/to pay.† These lines additionally represent the queen’s job in the sonnet of a dignified image of chivalric Camelot and as a female perfect. In this setting ladies are all near, however Guenevere is situated above them and is encircled by costly, excellent things. She is obviously made predominant.  â â â â The Green Knight at that point shows up at Arthur’s court to represent a test for somebody to remove his head and to have the kindness restored a year later. He and his pony are both completely green and are clad in rich clothing. The horse’s saddle is portrayed as follows, in lines 164-167: â€Å" About himself and his seat, set upon silk,/That to recount the wastes of time would burden my brains,/The butterflies and fowls weaved subsequently/In green of gayest, with numerous gold thread.† The Green Knight’s appearance makes his otherworldly characteristics clear from the beginning, even before he can endure beheading. In spite of the fact that his resplendent attire sets up him as a good knight, the way that he is altogether green isn't typical. Green is frequently connected with unpleasant, immense things, so subsequently the knight is given a powerful quality by that shading.      Gawain, Arthur’s knight who takes the Green Knight’s challenge, is depicted in various lights as the story advances. Depictions of texture and apparel are fundamental to this depiction. At the point when he is leaving Camelot to locate the Green Knight, Gawain is portrayed as a prudent, valiant knight courageously confronting his destiny. His apparel, along these lines, is red, representing fearlessness, and bears a gold pentangle, an image of uprightness. This is depicted in lines 636-639, â€Å"On shield and coat in see/He bore that symbol splendid/As to his promise generally evident/And in discourse most gracious knight.

Topics For Observation Essay

Topics For Observation EssayObservation essays are among the most popular forms of writing that is required by higher education admissions officers. It is an excellent way to gauge the candidate's ability to make sound judgments in regards to subject matter and style. The essay topics for observation vary from year to year, but they generally include the topic of the essay, the applicant's major, any related work experience, and other skills that would help the candidate to excel in their field. When selecting your topics for observation, take the time to consider the key traits of applicants who are applying for a position in the position you are pursuing.One way to determine the type of questions you will want to ask the applicant is to sit down with them and review their resumes. View the information related to job titles and relevant experience. Look at the job description as well as the duties and responsibilities to see if there are any skills or accomplishments that would stan d out. Consider asking the candidates questions such as what their greatest achievements have been, what are some of their best career moves, and what has been the greatest challenge. This can be an excellent opportunity to get candid answers.It is important to ask your observation subjects about their motivation and interests. Knowing what motivates the applicant will help you determine how they would handle the challenges presented in their job role. Observe and interview applicants about their relationships with family members and friends, hobbies, and educational goals. Questions can be as simple as, 'What is your biggest accomplishment?'It is important to ask your subjects about their knowledge and abilities, but it is also important to determine whether their knowledge is relevant and practical. Take the time to read up on the relevant aspects of the education that the applicant has attended. You should consider hiring an education consultant to help you conduct your analysis. Ask the applicants to write a single paragraph summarizing what you asked them. A single paragraph is sufficient, but if you decide to read the whole application, consider offering an outline of what you would like to know.Take a look at the writing assignment that you received from the college or university you are applying to. Read the material carefully to see if you can identify a theme in each paragraph. For example, might the subject ask, 'Tell me about how your research has contributed to your academic interests?' Consider doing an investigation of the theme.As an educator, it is also important to consider what topics for observation you should focus on in determining if the applicant's answers are insightful and impactful. In fact, the statement, 'If I only knew what this applicant knew I would hire him/her,' is a perfect example of a very insightful statement. Other insightful statements could include, 'What do you hope to accomplish in your chosen career path?' or 'What d o you think is the most important aspect of the applicant's career choice?' The decision will be dependent on the theme that you have established, and therefore, your judgment is what will ultimately be relied upon.It is also important to consider the level of difficulty of the observations for observation subjects that you receive. Some subjects may be too difficult to answer, especially for someone who has only recently graduated from college. This is especially true if the subject is one that requires the person to be in a position of authority. Individuals who have just moved on to a new career may find the level of difficulty somewhat high. By taking the time to read through all of the essays, you can then determine the person's level of difficulty.A successful observation essay also depends on the questions you ask, the information you gather, and the skills of the individual you are interviewing. An educated interviewer is always a good bet for an effective assignment.

What Makes A Melting Pot - 1168 Words

The concept of a ‘Melting pot† is an idea that America is known for and accustomed to for years and years to come. Unfortunately, that analogy leads people to get rid of their culture for the American culture. Leading the public to the point where they strive to prove their differences just to stand out and make a name. One demographic, African Americans, have been trying to reconnect to their native heritage after being stripped from their identity years ago. From their traditions, how they cook food, and the way they do their hair. African Americans have become more determined to be in touch with their inner self as the years go by. Because they were ripped from their homeland African Americans may never know to the full extent of†¦show more content†¦One ever feels his twoness, - an American, a Negro; two souls in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder† (Du Bois 9). The since of double-consciousness was created by the White hegemony, but kept by the non-white percent of America’s population obligated to negotiate their individualism for the â€Å"Melting Pot† America generates. Alice Walker, a protuberant African American writer from the rural South, understood all too well this idea of â€Å"double consciousness†, which she demonstrated in many of her writings. In her short story, â€Å"Everyday Use†, Walker makes the African American struggle palpable and brings it into the present by interlacing the double consciousness into characters and settings that investigate the social and personal struggles facing the African American people. In her story, she has three main characters Mama, Dee, and Maggie. Walker incorporates the struggle of being an African American as the centerpiece of her story â€Å"Everyday Use.† The author uses Mama, who is unwilling to submit to the expectations of white America and what it must offer. Mama is not in a rush to pick at herse lf to be accepted into America. The next character Maggie is also not in a rush to grow up and get in line with the rest of society and being a part of the White supremacy that her nation must offer. Finally, Dee, Mama’s oldest is returning from college and doesShow MoreRelatedMelting Pot Vs Salad Bowl Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most advanced societies known for having many cultures in it, is it a melting pot or a salad bowl? Salad bowl referring to it takes in the culture and is never changed and just mixes in, while melting pot means that it takes in the culture, â€Å"melts† it down, and has one American society. Hudson 1 I believe that American is a mix between a melting pot and a salad bowl, meaning that I believe in the part of melting pot where it â€Å"melts† down a culture and mixes it in, but some of it isn’t â€Å"melted†Read MoreThe Myth Of The Melting Pot1352 Words   |  6 PagesMyth of the Melting Pot† 13 November 2015 The Myth of the Melting Pot It is popularly believed that America is the biggest and most famous melting pot in the world. American history began with waves of immigrants bringing their own traditions, and culture to a new country. America is not the only country that is known as a melting pot, other countries like Russia are also practicing the melting pot; however, America is the only place that has such a diverse population and manages to make it work. SocialRead MoreImmigrant Influence On Culture And Society1010 Words   |  5 Pages The United States has been called different terms when describing immigration, the most popular term was â€Å"melting pot†, but lately the more politically correct term is â€Å"salad bowl†. The melting pot better describes American society because the cultures have blended together and became more accepting of each other. The history of immigration in the United States has been greatly shaped by immigrant influence on culture and society, the nation’s fluid immigration laws, and how incoming immigrantsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Chinese In All Of Us By Richard Rodriguez892 Words   |  4 PagesCould you take a guess and tell from what culture a person is from by just listening to their voice? Could you also tell by looking to their appearance; The way they dress, the color of their skin, facial features? What about the way they carry their selves? Just like â€Å"The Chinese in All of Us† by Richard Rodriguez where he explains that he feels connected to a ll the cultures around America, with its â€Å"culture, a sound, an accent, a walk.† (Rodriguez 730). It does not mean and require that you mustRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States887 Words   |  4 Pagesseparate identities, with no dominant culture) which Americans should acknowledge, because it is our own unyielding nature that deprives us of a symbiotic melting pot . Living in border states such as Texas, Arizona, or California may give the illusion or appear as though the overflow of immigrants has converted these few states into a melting pot society, and actually without a doubt, is has. However, picking three states out of fifty is not equitable, because we are looking at America as a wholeRead MoreThe Melting Pot Of The United States1037 Words   |  5 Pages From the birth of the United States, immigrants have always caused an environment something more representative of a big melting pot. In terms of cooking a melting pot is used for melting metals or other substances are melted or fused together (Dictionary.com).On the other hand in a nation, a melting pot is a place where a variety of races, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole (Dictionary.com). Which in retrospect do not fall very far from each other in terms of literal definitionsRead MoreA Good Example Of The Melting Pot Theory953 Words   |  4 Pagesmarket, they created their own firms and hired new fellow immigrants creating their own labor market. The melting pot theory is â€Å"a metaphor that implies the melting of cultures and intermarriage for ethnicities; a cultural assimilation of immigrants into one new land† (United States Bureau of the Census 1). A good example of the melting pot theory is the country of Colombia; a melting pot of races and ethnicities. The population is derived from three different racial groups: blacks, Native AmericansRead MoreThe Melting Pot By The American Dream Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages Since the great land of North America had been conquered by the British, it had been called as a big â€Å"melting pot† for many years. Wave after wave of immigrants with different ethnic backgrounds, birthplaces, cultures and heritages moved to this fresh, new land for an identical purpose ---- the divine â€Å"American Dream.† Generations of immigrants who have different faces and skin colors melted and reformed together in this homogenous broth. They cast of their unique cultural i dentities during theRead MorePerspectives on Diversity1400 Words   |  6 Pagesand not allowed to even return home on the weekends. The children were forced to cut their hair in Anglo styles and dress in Anglo style clothing in an effort to have them give up their heritage. Many years passed and finally the absurdity of what they were trying to do was realized that their emphasis on conformity, uniformity and individual achievement were too contrary to the intrinsic Native American values. Some immigrant groups benefited from the Anglo conformity such as the NorthernRead MoreStruggles of Immigrants Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesDudley’s poem â€Å"The Melting Pot† (1968) tells about the immigrants problem of identity. The poem speaks about the discrimination experienced by those immigrants. Each of the stanzas consists of four lines (quatrain), except the third and the fourth, which are couplets, and they have rhymes at the end of several lines (Welcome). For the writer this rhyming sound is necessary, that is why in the first stanza he writes â€Å"girl or man,† which usually would be girl and boy, or woman and man, to make it rhyme with

Barry Gibbs Murder Of An African American Woman - 882 Words

The case I chose is about a man named Barry Gibbs. He was convicted of a crime he did not commit in New York City. On November 4, 1986, a body of an African American woman was discovered under a blanket. She was found near a Brooklyn highway and was strangled to death. A man named Louis Eppolito was the lead investigator in the case. He interviewed a man that had been jogging near the scene of the crime. The jogger told the investigator that he observed a white man pull out the African American woman out of a car, laid her on the ground, and put a blanket over her. Louis Eppolito found out that Barry Gibbs was a friend of the woman. Barry Gibbs decided to be a part of the lineup and let the police inspect his apartment. In his apartment, police found red jeans similar to what eyewitnesses said the offender was wearing. Yet, those jeans did not even fit Mr. Gibbs. The police also noticed that Mr. Gibbs had a gray car similar to the offender’s car. However, Mr. Gibbs car was wre cked with two flat tires and had not been driven for a while. During the period of the police lineup, the witness pointed out Mr. Gibbs as the suspect regardless of having physical differences in weight and stature. Moreover, a park police officer told the police that he did see the offender, but he was never asked to identify the offender in a lineup. An autopsy was performed on the victim’s body and hair samples were found that shown Caucasian characteristics. For the trial, the prosecution’sShow MoreRelatedThe Innocence Project3514 Words   |  15 PagesJustice and the United States Senate in conjunction with the Benjamin N.Cardozo School of Law, which found that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70% of wrongful convictions. The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry C. Scheck and Peter J. Neufeld at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University .It then became an independent non-profit organization in 2003, but has strong institutional connections with Cardozo. As I have said, The project is a nationalRead MoreThe Innocence Project3527 Words   |  15 PagesJustice and the United States Senate in conjunction with the Benjamin N.Cardozo School of Law, which found that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70% of wrongful convictions. The Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Barry C. Scheck and Peter J. Neufeld at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University .It then became an independent non-profit organization in 2003, but has strong institutional connections with Cardozo. As I have said, The project is a nationalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesThree Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I? 190

The Issue Of Cyber Bullying - 1772 Words

Cyber Bullying Social media is a way a person can stay connected to the world by a click of a button. But with the privilege to have access to such advanced technology comes responsibility and those people who abuse the right and take advantage of others via social media. In today’s society cyber bullying is discussed in the realm of the action taking place and the effect that it has on a victim and how people can step in and make a change in the fight against bullying. Cyber bullying is using any electronic communication system to hurt, harm, or belittle someone in a threatening or shameful manner. This topic is of importance because this is very relevant for the teenage group. Discussing in details the death ratio resulting from being a victim of cyber bullying also finding actual stories of victims who have been through that nightmare of depression conveying the truth behind the horror. Bullying is a character killer, in order to raise awareness research equipped with professional insight and victim testimony will unveil the truths of this demon and show that web us is a privilege and people need not use and abuse it for self-entertainment disregarding people’s feelings. Cyber Bullying is all around the modern technological world and the little actions accumulate and the people of the community need to have the knowledge to react, counsel, and end bullying; speak up and stand up for what is right and just. Cyber bullying is very common in the U.S mainly among theShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead MoreThe Issue Of Cyber Bullying1997 Words   |  8 Pagesare face to face with peers and friends daily so their internet use would be most prominent whilst at home. With such frequent activity and easily accessible Internet access problems are bound to arise which is how the issue of cyber bullying is born. The definition of â€Å"Cyber Bullying is the act of using the Internet, mobile phones, video games, or other technology gadgets to send, text, or post images intended to hurt or embarrass another person.† (Friendlyschools 2015). The case study topic of cyberbullyingRead MoreEssay about Exploring the Issue of Cyber Bullying1238 Words   |  5 PagesCyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children in the school yard. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parents, and some sort of reconciliation between the children involved. Today however, the climate for bullies has dramatically changed and theRead MoreThe Prevention of Cyberbullying627 Words   |  3 PagesInternet, bullying persists with new forms and faces. Bullies can hide behind anonymous user profiles online, creating an environment in which young victims have no direct resources. Effective methods of controlling the problem of cyber bullying are necessary to prevent problems such as suicide. One student in Iowa committed suicide after bullies at his school posted that the student was gay on Facebook; as a result of this and related suicides, the state of Iowa is redefining what cyber bullying is inRead MoreCyber Bullying1455 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Bullying Issues 1 Bullying Issues: Cyber bullying vs. Traditional Bulllying Horache Allen Compostion1 Jan 29, 2013 Bullying Issues 2 Bullying Issues: Cyber Bullying vs. Traditional Bullying Are you a victim of cyber bullying? Or were you theRead MoreCyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent1267 Words   |  6 Pages Amanda Bridges Ms. Shultz / Mrs. Seymore English 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happensRead MoreCriminalization of Cyberbullying1026 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of cyber bullying are becoming a growing problem, the criminalization of cyber bullying is needed to prevent its harmful repercussions to the United States and serve as a deterrent. Cyber bullying has become the 21st century version of bullying; it has extended beyond the classroom and onto a virtual world that seems to have no real-life effects. The world is now able to bully someone in the comfort of his or her own home, at any given point, with the use of technology. 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This new 21st century term is derived from standard physical bullying has become a prominent and revolving issue as cellphone, texting and social media sites take away one’s privacy by causingRead MoreTeens as Victims of Cyberbullying1482 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Around half of teens have been the victims of cyber bullies,† Richard Webster from the â€Å"Cyber bullying is when a person or a group is trying to embarrass and harm or intimidate those who are weaker than them†. â€Å"Cyber bullying to texting: What’s on your kids ‘Cell?† What is cyber bullying? The Stop bullying Organization explains what the meaning of cyber bullying is. Cyber bullies are able to use cells phones and the internet to make it very easy bully other people. Lawmakers and Schools should

Significant Life Events

Questions: 1. Impact of significant life events on individuals and their social networks2. Group responses to significant life events that occur to one of its members3. Impact for others in health and social care when an individual experiences significant life events4. The effectiveness of organizational policies and procedures in supporting individuals and their social networks affected by significant life events5. Suitability of external sources of support for those affected by significant life events6. Possible organizational responses to the need to support individuals experiencing a significant life event 7. Reflect on own personal contributions to the support of individuals experiencing significant life events8. Recommendations for improving the support available in a health and social care organization for individuals and their social networks when affected by significant life events? Answers: 1. Impact of significant life events on individuals and their social networks The significant episodes impacting the life of individuals include divorce, death of spouse, marital separation, injury, accidental death of relatives and retirement from job. Strong and Cohen (2014, p. 493) reveal the psychosocial consequences of the events of divorce on the affected individuals. Indeed, the divorced people continue to experience sustained depression, diminishing self-concepts, decreased psychosocial well being and happiness leading them to the state of social isolation and predisposition toward other psychological co-morbidities. The research literature reveals the threefold increase in patterns of depression among women separated through divorce. Furthermore, the research findings reveal the patterns of alcohol addiction among individuals following the events of divorce. Ader (2007, p. 784) advocates the contention revealing the irregularities in immune system experienced by individuals in context to the death of spouse. The clinical literature reveals the increas ed levels of serum neopterin among HIV affected males who had witnessed death of their spouses due to AIDS. Granacher (2015, p. 35) describes the impact of brain trauma on the attention spans, arousal and executive control of the affected individuals. Indeed, the responsiveness and attention of traumatized patients adversely influences due to the lesions in brain and psychosocial impact of the traumatic episode. Lugton (2002, p. 12) reveals the aggressive responses of the people following accidental deaths of their relatives or friends. These incidences produce a prolonged impact on the emotions and temperament of individuals, thereby destabilizing the psychosocial status of the affected population. Milne (2013) describes the impact of significant life events including accidents, incarceration and retirement on the coping capacity of the affected individuals. The people influenced by such incidences suffer from maladaptive conditions and mental problems, as contended by the evidence based clinical literature. Indeed denial, anger, depression, social withdrawal, acceptance and bargaining are some of the instincts that develop in the people affected by significant events of life. 2. Group responses to significant life events that occur to one of its members Indeed, the group responses to the people affected by bereavement include the support extended by the social circle, friends, family members and relatives. Indeed, the family members provide utmost assistance to their affected relative during the period of loss or trauma. Other societal assistance include the care and support rendered by the social organizations, physicians, nursing professionals, friends and other miscellaneous agencies with the intent to subdue the psychosocial influences on the affected people following the major life instances. Lehmann, Jimerson and Gaasch (2001) discuss the importance of behavioral approaches warranted by support groups in context to mitigating the manifestations following the significant life events among the impacted individuals. Indeed, the temperamental and psychological assistance by the support groups helps the traumatized individuals in overcoming the psychosomatic conditions during the significant episodes of life. Framingham and Teasley (2012, p. 101) illustrate the importance of social resources in developing resilience among individuals in context to the unprecedented disasters. Indeed, grief is defined as a family process and appropriate attention and supportive strategies warranted by the news media, social groups and medical fraternities in controlling the psychosocial outcomes of the significant life disasters. 3. Impact for others in health and social care when an individual experiences significant life events Indeed, the support rendered by medical fraternity including nursing professionals, counsellors and other support groups assists in mitigating the condition of bereavement among the individuals by the significant life events like death and fatal diseases. The mental conditions experienced by the mourning individuals require effective treatment through medication and psychological orientation programs by the nursing professionals. The clinical literature reveals the psychosomatic disturbances including emotional and behavioral alterations, and panic attacks among the people experiencing the state of grief and loneliness following the significant life episodes. The importance of local support groups including hospitals, hospice care facilities and non-governmental organizations in reducing the sorrow and painful condition of the bereaving individuals is widely supported by the evidence based research literature. The people affected by state of bereavement following the events of death or accidents include the healthcare staff working in close association of the patients during their advanced stages of illness and end of life tenures. In fact, the emotional relationship of these staff members with the dyeing individuals primarily attributes to their state of emotional dilemma following the death of these patients. These affected individuals continue to experience patterns of psychological manifestations that adversely influence their work performance and relationships with family members, friends and peers. The caretakers affected by loss of their dear ones require adequate training and assistance by various healthcare and social groups with the intent to mitigate the state of their grief and emotional disturbances following the significant life episodes. 4. The effectiveness of organizational policies and procedures in supporting individuals and their social networks affected by significant life events The healthcare institutions require practicing standardized organizational policies in context to providing qualitative support and assistance to the individuals affected by the state of bereavement and mental conflicts. Indeed, the age variations among the people requiring support need considerable attention while formulating organizational norms for rendering effective assistance following the significant life episodes. The aged population requires extra attention and care by the healthcare professionals in potentially rendering support and emotional assistance for overcoming the state of mental agony during the significant life episodes. The age related organizational bereavement policies provide the road map to nursing professionals for taking care of the mental challenges experienced by the target population. The patterns of psychological counselling and emotional approaches require effective organizational policies for their appropriate implementation in context to instilling c onfidence and restoring peace and happiness among the affected individuals. The research literature warrants the role of best organizational practices for rendering immediate assistance to the people affected by significant life episodes. Indeed, the immediate assistance proves to be more effective in mitigating the state of sorrow among the people experiencing significant life episodes. The Standards for Bereavement Care formulated and standardized in 2001 in United Kingdom; however, the law faced major amendments in terms of emphasizing safer practices in context to the requirements of the bereaved individuals. 5. Suitability of external sources of support for those affected by significant life events The external support sources required for assisting people affected by significant life episodes include the healthcare volunteers, physicians, nursing professionals and social media persons actively engaged in mitigating the behavioral malfunction of the target population. Indeed, emotional support and psychosocial assistance highly warranted for individuals experiencing bereavement following the loss of their spouse, relatives or friends. The contention behind providing support by external sources emphasizes on rendering empowerment to the ailing individuals and making them feel their responsibilities and commitments toward their present life. Indeed the care givers require thorough understanding of the crisis intervention strategies and conceptual approaches in context to supporting the people affected by grief and bereavement following the significant life events (James and Gilliland, 2013, p. 420). The stage models including Kubler-Rosss stages, Bowlbys Attachment Theory and Sch neiders growth model warrant thorough understanding by the external support groups in context to antagonizing the significant losses experienced by individuals following the major life episodes. The affection of the grieving people with the deceased individuals require careful analysis for devising support strategies to challenge the patterns of emotional pain, hopelessness and loneliness among the target population. The skills related to effectively interacting with the mourning individuals required within the caregivers to successfully divert their attention from the significant event and enhance the patterns of responsiveness and resilience following the painful episode. The anger and frustrations of the service users require careful handling in context to devising proactive approaches for assisting them in the real life scenarios. Indeed, the intent of providing external holistic support to the grieving people related to the contention of restoring physiological, psychosocial, e nvironmental, cultural and spiritual homeostasis among the target population. The research literature reveals the physical manifestations including weakness, stomach cramps, chest discomfort, breathing difficulty, dysphagia, myalgia, vertigo, missing feelings, common cold, sleeping problem and nausea among the bereaving individuals (Jeffreys, 2011, p. 39). Indeed, the physical support required to reduce these reported manifestations include obtaining rehabilitation and occupational therapy by the trained occupational and physical therapists. O'Brien (2011, p. 325) reveals the need for understanding care seekers religious practices and spiritual temperament in context to facilitating emotional homeostasis following the adverse events. The effective communication by the external care givers is the key to rendering spiritual assistance for removing psychosocial incapacity and fear among the ailing individuals. The effectiveness of yoga and aromatherapy need to be emphasized by the caregivers to deliver their maximum benefits among the affected population. The evi dence based research literature contends the effectiveness of psychological counseling by support groups including counselors and school staff to the grieving children (2011, p. 340). These measures help in combating the patterns of anxiety and depression among the affected population. The psychosocial assistance the by the external support groups aims at reducing isolation of the grieving individuals through consistent interactive sessions. Furthermore, generating trust within the care seekers assists in inducing emotional expression through regular discussions and interactive sessions. The development of discourse within the conversation by support groups leads to the changes in perception of care seekers; thereby resulting in patters of positive attitude as evidenced by the research based academic literature (Nichols and Jenkinson, 2006, p. 9). Furthermore, the external support groups help in developing the coping mechanism among affected individuals to mitigate the patterns of p sychosomatic and intellectual ability following the significant life events. 6. Possible organizational responses to the need to support individuals experiencing a significant life event The organizational assistance highly warranted to restore patterns of health, wellness and behavioral stability among the individuals affected by significant life events. Indeed, effective leadership within the organizational support group required to devise strategic approaches for providing care and therapy to the people affected by significant life episodes. The students experiencing bereavement require organizational support in terms of effective retention and graduation practices to facilitate their academic enhancement following the painful episodes (Balk, 2011). The organizational counseling programs warrant deployment of qualified caregivers with extensive understanding of the characteristics of grief and mourning for actively rendering adequate support and care to the grieving individuals. Furthermore, the provision of healthcare counseling, communication development, mental health aids and stress management strategies by health care fraternities and supportive organizations required to proactively support the affected population following the significant life events. The organizations including hospitals, polyclinics, general practices, nursing fraternities, hospice facilities and dental care homes require rendering qualitative care and support to the individuals suffering under the stressful circumstances. The provisions of primary care by general practitioners and social care by nursing professionals and psychological counselors through the organizational domain required to provide uninterrupted care and social support to the grieving population. The care giving organizations also warranted to develop core competencies among their staff by conducting educational seminars and interactive sessions in context to delivering qualitative care to the target population. 7. Reflect on own personal contributions to the support of individuals experiencing significant life events Grief is indeed, a multifaceted reaction of individuals against the significant life events including loss of relatives, property or other similar disasters. The personal experience relates to the significant life episode, where an army official died with serious war injuries in the camp. His immediate caretakers including wife and parents suffered unprecedented shock and emotional trauma following the event. Indeed, it became intensely difficult for the relatives and friends to bear the shock of the potential loss of the precious life of their dear ones and the immediate relatives started experiencing bereavement, state of behavioral alteration and hopelessness following the significant life event. The loss was indeed indispensable; however, it became fairly difficult to challenge the progression of behavioral degradation among the affected individuals following the event. The mitigation strategy acquired with the intent to motivate the affected individuals for assisting them agains t the stressful conditions include conducting periodic interactive sessions for providing psychological assistance with assertion and reasoning for inducing alteration in behavior and psychology of the target individuals. The next approach in assisting the bereaved family included the involvement of other healthcare professionals including occupational therapists, social workers and psychologists to reduce the impact of severe mental complications following the death of the army person. Indeed, the family members of the deceased individual began to gradually indulge themselves in day today activities following the periodic interactive counseling sessions. After sixteen long months, the family started acclimatizing with their daily schedule and the impact of the psychological trauma began to reduce gradually resulting in the psychosocial stability of the grieving individuals. The family regained happiness as they started involving themselves more in their daily commitments and the in fluence of the loss considerably declined over a period of time. They duly acknowledged the rendered support and resumed normal life patterns with their continued personal and professional engagements. Indeed, the outcome of this practice indicates the importance of effective bereavement antagonistic strategies warranted to mitigate the behavioral fluctuations and patterns of denials among the grieving population following the significant life event. Furthermore, the family environment is of paramount importance in assisting the individuals to overcome the impact of bereavement in context to the loss of one of their members following the disastrous events. 8. Recommendations for improving the support available in a health and social care organization for individuals and their social networks when affected by significant life events Indeed, the health and social care organizations require reviewing their statements, policies and procedures periodically for providing extended support to the individuals affected by significant life events. The provision of installing updated equipments and objects of luxury warranted to provide additional physical comfort to the ailing individuals. The provision of televisions and fitness equipments further ensures the daily engagement of the target population that facilitates in treating their attention deficits and behavioral fluctuations following the significant life episodes. The strategies of organizing interactive sessions with the individuals and managing outdoor trips for the aged population ensure the induction of happiness and satisfaction among the target groups. Furthermore, the provision of better career options for the youngsters will assist in mitigating the financial challenges following the significant episodes. The social care organizations also require conducti ng training sessions and special care programs for the people with unique needs and comorbidities in context to the major life incidences. The provision of group sessions and individualized therapies allows the bereaving individuals to share their emotions and behavioral challenges with reference to the potential losses undergone due to the significant episodes. Ferrel, Coyle and Paice (2015, p. 29) reveal the significance of bereavement approaches in context to their active implementation through palliative care clinics and hospice facilities. The provision of bereavement services for the survivors of deceased individuals through the implementation of total care plans under hospital based palliative care ensures the proactive mitigation of the challenges of survivors and assistance in developing coping skills for overcoming the state of grief following the significant life events. Furthermore, the health and social care organizations must emphasize on initiating interdisciplinary p rograms and educational sessions among their staff members to equip them with tools and techniques in dealing with the behavioral disturbances experienced by the bereaving population following the disastrous life episodes. The educational certifications in the discipline will certainly ascertain standardization of care and therapy to the ailing individuals affected by the significant life episodes for retrieving expected outcomes stipulated in accordance with the policies and standards of the health and social care organizations. References Ader, R., 2007. Psychoneuroimmunology. 4th ed. UK: Elsevier. Balk, D.E., 2011. Helping the Bereaved College Student. NY: Springer. Ferrell, B.R., Coyle, N. and Paice, J., 2015. Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing. NY: Oxford. Framingham, J. L. and Teasley, M.L., 2012. Behavioral Health Response to Disasters. USA: Taylor Francis. Granacher, R. P., 2015. Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment. 3rd ed. USA: CRC. James, R. and Gilliland., 2013. Crisis Intervention Strategies. 7th ed. USA: Brooks. Jeffreys, J. S., 2011. Helping Grieving People: A Handbook for Care Providers. USA: Routledge. Koocher, G. and Greca, A.L., 2011. The Parents' Guide to Psychological First Aid: Helping Children and Adolescents Cope with Predictable Life Crises. New York: Oxford. Lehmann, J., Jimerson, S.R. and Gaasch, A., 2001. Teens Together Grief Support Group Curriculum: Adolescence Edition: Grades 7-12. New York: Routledge. Lugton, J., 2002. Communicating with Dying People and Their Relatives. UK: Radcliffe. Milne, D., 2013. The Psychology of Retirement: Coping with the Transition from Work. UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Nichols, K. and Jenkinson, J., 2006. Leading a Support Group. UK: Open University Press. O'Brien, M.E. 2011. Spirituality in Nursing. 4th ed. USA: Jones Bartlett. Strong, B. and Cohen, T., 2014. The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationships in a Changing Society. California: Wadsworth.

8 Tips to Prepare for Your Comprehensive Examination

8 Tips to Prepare for Your Comprehensive Examination Virtually all master’s and doctoral programs require graduate students to take comprehensive exams. Such exams are exactly that: Comprehensive, intended to cover the entire field of study. It’s a big deal and your performance on your masters or doctoral comprehensive exam can make or break your graduate school career. Learning all there is to know about your field is daunting, but dont let it overwhelm you. Be systematic in your preparations and follow these tips to get your studying underway and prepare for your comprehensive exams. Locate old exams Students often do not take individualized exams. This is especially true for master’s comps. Comprehensive exams are often administered to groups of students. In these cases, departments usually have a stack of old exams. Take advantage of these exams. Sure you likely will not see the same questions, but the exams can provide info about the kinds of questions to expect and the base of literature to know. Sometimes, however, comprehensive exams are tailored to each student. This is particularly true for doctoral comps. In this case, the student and advisor or sometimes a comprehensive examination committee work together to identify the range of topics covered in the exam. Consult with experienced students. More experienced graduate students have a lot to offer.  Look to students who have successfully completed their comps. Ask questions like: How are comps structured? How did they prepare? What they would do differently, and how confident did they feel on exam day? Of course, also ask about the content of the test. Consult with professors. Usually, one or more faculty members will sit down with students and talk about the test and what to expect. Sometimes this is in a group setting. Otherwise, ask your mentor or a trusted faculty member. Be prepared with specific questions, such as how important is understanding and citing classic research as compared with current work? How is the exam organized? Ask for suggestions on how to prepare. Gather your study materials. Gather classic literature. Conduct literature searches to gather the newest most important pieces of research. Be careful because its easy to become consumed and overwhelmed with this part. You won’t be able to download and read everything. Make choices. Think about what you’re reading. It’s easy to get swept away with the task of reading, taking notes, and memorizing oodles of articles. Dont forget that you will be asked to reason about these readings, construct arguments, and discuss the material at a professional level. Stop and think about what youre reading. Identify themes in the literature, how particular lines of thinking evolved and shifted, and historical trends. Keep the big picture in mind and think about every article or chapter - what is its place in the field at large? Consider your situation. What are the challenges you face in preparing to take the comps? Locating and reading study materials, managing your time, keeping productive, and learning how to discuss the interrelations of theory and research are all part of studying for comps. Do you have a family? Roommate? Do you have the space to spread out? A quiet place to work? Think about all the challenges you face and then devise solutions. What specific action will you take to combat each challenge? Manage your time. Recognize that your time is limited. Many students, especially at the doctoral level, carve out time that they devote exclusively to studying - no working, no teaching, no coursework. Some take a month, others a summer or longer. You need to decide what to study and how much time to devote to each topic. Its likely that you have a better grasp of some topics than others, so distribute your study time accordingly. Devise a schedule and make a concerted effort to determine how you will fit in all of your studying.  Each week set goals. Each day should have a to-do list. Follow it. You will find that some topics take less time and other more time. Adjust your schedule and plans accordingly. Seek support. Remember that youre not alone in preparing for comps. Work with other students. Share resources and advice. Simply hang out and talk about how you’re approaching the task and help each other manage the stress. Consider creating a study group, set group goals, and then report your progress to your group. Even if no other students are preparing to take comps, spend time with other students. Reading and studying in isolation can lead to loneliness, which certainly isnt good for your morale and motivation.